Cold-formed steel portal frame moment-resisting joints: Behaviour, capacity and design

The work presented in this paper investigates the strength of moment-resisiting apex brackets cold-formed steel portal frames. results two previously reported full-scale frame tests, where frames failed through buckling bracket, were used to validate a finite element model that included material nonlinearity, geometric imperfections, and bolt bearing behaviour. From test as well results, importance appropriate detailing for is demonstrated. A simplified bracket then presented, again validated against experimental tests. effects geometrical parameters brackets, bolt-group configuration, yield stress investigated parametric study comprising 648 models. study, design equations are proposed can be by practicing engineers predict